The Battle of Grunwald was decisive in 1409–1411. The Battle of the Great War in 1410 July 15 among the allies of the Polish-Lithuanian and Teutonic armies. The union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by King Vladislav II Jogaila and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vitovt, won a decisive victory over the army of the German Order, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the Knights of the Order were killed or taken prisoner. Despite the defeat, the Crusaders were able to withstand a two-month siege of their capital, Marienburg, and suffered only minimal territorial losses due to the 1411 Peace of Torun. Territorial disputes continued until the conclusion of the Black Peace in 1422. However, the Teutonic Order did not recover after the defeat, and the financial burden of reparations and the brutal internal conflicts led to the economic downturn. The Battle of Grunwald redistributed the balance of power in Eastern Europe and marked the rise of the Polish-Lithuanian alliance to the level of the dominant military-political force in the region. The Battle of Grunwald was one of the greatest battles in medieval Europe and one of the most important victories in the history of Poland and Lithuania. The battle was shrouded in romantic legends and nationalist propaganda, making it a symbol of the fight against the invaders and a source of national pride. In the twentieth century, the battle was used by Nazi and Soviet propaganda, and the transition to its research was observed only in recent decades.

 

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